It strikes me there's more low hanging fruit to pluck re. context window management. Backtracking strikes me as another promising direction to avoid context bloat and compaction (i.e. when a model takes a few attempts to do the right thing, once it's done the right thing, prune the failed attempts out of the context).
Agree. I’d like more fine grained control of context and compaction. If you spend time debugging in the middle of a session, once you’ve fixed the bugs you ought to be able to remove everything related to fixing them out of context and continue as you had before you encountered them. (Right now depending on your IDE this can be quite annoying to do manually. And I’m not aware of any that allow you to snip it out if you’ve worked with the agent on other tasks afterwards.)
I think agents should manage their own context too. For example, if you’re working with a tool that dumps a lot of logged information into context, those logs should get pruned out after one or two more prompts.
Context should be thought of something that can be freely manipulated, rather than a stack that can only have things appended or removed from the end.
Yeah, the fact that we have treated context as immutable baffles me, it’s not like humans working memory keeps a perfect history of everything they’ve done over the last hour, it shouldn’t be that complicated to train a secondary model that just runs online compaction, eg: it runs a tool call, the model determines what’s Germaine to the conversion and prunes the rest, or some task gets completed, ok just leave a stub in the context that says completed x, with a tool available to see the details of x if it becomes relevant again.
That's pretty much the approach we took with context-mode. Tool outputs get processed in a sandbox, only a stub summary comes back into context, and the full details stay in a searchable FTS5 index the model can query on demand. Not trained into the model itself, but gets you most of the way there as a plugin today.
Oh that's quite a nice idea - agentic context management (riffing on agentic memory management).
There's some challenges around the LLM having enough output tokens to easily specify what it wants its next input tokens to be, but "snips" should be able to be expressed concisely (i.e. the next input should include everything sent previously except the chunk that starts XXX and ends YYY). The upside is tighter context, the downside is it'll bust the prompt cache (perhaps the optimal trade-off is to batch the snips).
Good point on prompt cache invalidation. Context-mode sidesteps this by never letting the bloat in to begin with, rather than snipping it out after. Tool output runs in a sandbox, a short summary enters context, and the raw data sits in a local search index. No cache busting because the big payload never hits the conversation history in the first place.
That's exactly what context-mode does for tool outputs. Instead of dumping raw logs and snapshots into context, it runs them in a sandbox and only returns a summary. The full data stays in a local FTS5 index so you can search it later when you need specifics.
Totally agree. Failed attempts are just noise once the right path is found. Auto-detecting retry patterns and pruning them down to the final working version feels very doable, especially for clear cases like lint or compilation fixes.
Maybe the right answer is “why not both”, but subagents can also be used for that problem. That is, when something isn’t going as expected, fork a subagent to solve the problem and return with the answer.
It’s interesting to imagine a single model deciding to wipe its own memory though, and roll back in time to a past version of itself (only, with the answer to a vexing problem)
I forget where now but I'm sure I read an article from one of the coding harness companies talking about how they'd done just that. Effectively it could pass a note to its past self saying "Path X doesn't work", and otherwise reset the context to any previous point.
I could see this working like some sort of undo tree, with multiple branches you can jump back and forth between.
It feels like the late 1990s all over again, but instead of html and sql, it’s coding agents. This time around, a lot of us are well experienced at software engineering and so we can find optimizations simply by using claude code all day long. We get an idea, we work with ai to help create a detailed design and then let it develop it for us.
The core idea: every MCP tool call dumps raw data into your 200K context window. Context Mode spawns isolated subprocesses — only stdout enters context. No LLM calls, purely algorithmic: SQLite FTS5 with BM25 ranking and Porter stemming.
Since the last post we've seen 228 stars and some real-world usage data. The biggest surprise was how much subagent routing matters — auto-upgrading Bash subagents to general-purpose so they can use batch_execute instead of flooding context with raw output.
Really intrigued and def will try, thanks for this.
In connecting the dots (and help me make sure I'm connecting them correctly), context-mode _does not address MCP context usage at all_, correct? You are instead suggesting we refactor or eliminate MCP tools, or apply concepts similar to context_mode in our MCPs where possible?
Context-mode is still very high value, even if the answer is "no," just want to make sure I understand. Also interested in your thoughts about the above.
I write a number of MCPs that work across all Claude surfaces; so the usual "CLI!" isn't as viable an answer (though with code execution it sometimes can be) ...
Right, context-mode doesn't change how MCP tool definitions get loaded into context. That's the "input side" problem that Cloudflare's Code Mode tackles by compressing tool schemas. Context-mode handles the "output side," the data that comes back from tool calls. That said, if you're writing your own MCPs, you could apply the same pattern directly. Instead of returning raw payloads, have your MCP server return a compact summary and store the full output somewhere queryable. Context-mode just generalizes that so you don't have to rebuild it per server.
Nope. The raw data never enters the conversation history in the first place, so there's nothing to invalidate. Tool output runs in a sandbox, a short summary comes back, and the full data sits in a local FTS5 index. The conversation cache stays intact because the context itself doesn't change after the fact.
This sounds a little bit like rkt? Which trims output from other CLI applications like git, find and the most common tools used by Claude. This looks like it goes a little further which is interesting.
I see some of these AI companies adopting some of these ideas sooner or later. Trim the tokens locally to save on token usage.
Haven't looked at rtk closely but from the description it sounds like it works at the CLI output level, trimming stdout before it reaches the model. Context-mode goes a bit further since it also indexes the full output into a searchable FTS5 database, so the model can query specific parts later instead of just losing them. It's less about trimming and more about replacing a raw dump with a summary plus on-demand retrieval.
Yeah I like this approach too. I made a tool similar to Beads and after learning about RTK I updated mine to produce less token hungry output. I'm still working on it.
Nice approach. Same core idea as context-mode but specialized for your build domain. You're using SQLite as a structured knowledge cache over YAML rule files with keyword lookup. Context-mode does something similar but domain-agnostic, using FTS5 with BM25 ranking so any tool output becomes searchable without needing predefined schemas. Cool to see the pattern emerge independently from a completely different use case.
AFAIK Claude Code doesn't inject all the MCP output into the context. It limits 25k tokens and uses bash pipe operators to read the full output. That's at least what I see in the latest version.
That's true, Claude Code does truncate large outputs now. But 25k tokens is still a lot, especially when you're running multiple tools back to back. Three or four Playwright snapshots or a batch of GitHub issues and you've burned 100k tokens on raw data you only needed a few lines from. Context-mode typically brings that down to 1-2k per call while keeping the full output searchable if you need it later.
Do you need 80+ tools in context? Even if reduced, why not use sub agents for areas of focus? Context is gold and the more you put into it unrelated to the problem at hand the worse your outcome is. Even if you don't hit the limit of the window. Would be like compressing data to read into a string limit rather than just chunking the data
That's a fair point and honestly the ideal approach. But in practice most people don't hand-curate their MCP server list per task. They install 5-6 servers and suddenly have 80 tools loaded by default. Context-mode doesn't solve the tool definition bloat, that's the input side problem. It handles the output side, when those tools actually run and dump data back. Even with a focused set of tools, a single Playwright snapshot or git log can burn 50k tokens. That's what gets sandboxed.
Excited to try this. Is this not in effect a kind of "pre-compaction," deciding ahead of time what's relevant? Are there edge cases where it is unaware of, say, a utility function that it coincidentally picks up when it just dumps everything?
Yeah it's basically pre-compaction, you're right. The key difference is nothing gets thrown away. The full output sits in a searchable FTS5 index, so if the model realizes it needs some detail it missed in the summary, it can search for it. It's less "decide what's relevant upfront" and more "give me the summary now, let me come back for specifics later."
I've seen a few projects like this. Shouldn't they in theory make the llms "smarter" by not polluting the context? Have any benchmarks shown this effect?
That's the theory and it does hold up in practice. When context is 70% raw logs and snapshots, the model starts losing track of the actual task. We haven't run formal benchmarks on answer quality yet, mostly focused on measuring token savings. But anecdotally the biggest win is sessions lasting longer before compaction kicks in, which means the model keeps its full conversation history and makes fewer mistakes from lost context.
If this breaks the cache it is penny wise, pound foolish; cached full queries have more information and are cheap. The article does not mention caching; does anyone know?
I just enable fat MCP servers as needed, and try to use skills instead.
It doesn't break the cache. The raw data never enters the conversation history, so there's nothing to invalidate. A short summary goes into context instead of the full payload, and the model can search the full data from a local FTS5 index if it needs specifics later. Cache stays intact because you're just appending smaller messages to the conversation.
The 98% reduction is the real story here, but the systemic problem you're solving is even bigger than individual tool calls blowing up context. When you're orchestrating multi-step workflows, each tool output becomes part of the conversation state that carries forward to the next step. A Playwright snapshot at step 1 is 56 KB. It still counts at step 3 when you've moved on to something completely different.
The subprocess isolation is smart - stdout-only is the right constraint. I've been running multi-agent workflows where the cost of tool output accumulation forces you to make bad decisions: either summarise outputs manually (defeating the purpose of tool calls), truncate logs (information loss), or cap the workflow depth. None of them good.
The search ranking piece is worth noting. Most people just grep logs or dump chunks and let the LLM sort it out. BM25 + FTS5 means you're pre-filtering at index time, not letting the model do relevance ranking on the full noise. That's the difference between usable and unusable context at scale.
Only question: how does credential passthrough work with MCP's protocol boundaries? If gh/aws/gcloud run in the subprocess, how does the auth state persist between tool calls, or does each call reinit?
No magic — standard Unix process inheritance. Each execute() spawns a child process via Node's child_process.spawn() with a curated env built by #buildSafeEnv (https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode/blob/main/cont...). It passes through an explicit allowlist of auth vars (GH_TOKEN, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS, KUBECONFIG, etc.) plus HOME and XDG paths so CLI tools find their config files on disk. No state persists between calls — each subprocess inherits credentials from the MCP server's environment, runs, and exits. This works because tools like gh and aws resolve auth on every invocation anyway (env vars or ~/.config files). The tradeoff is intentional: allowlist over full process.env so the sandbox doesn't leak unrelated vars.
1st comment: 2 day old account, "is the real story here", summary -> comment -> question, general punchiness of style without saying that much. These llms feel like someone said "be an informal hacker news commenter" so they often end with "Curious how" instead of "I'm curious how" or "Worth building" instead of "It's worth building". Not that humans don't do any of this but all of it together in their comment history, you just get a general vibe.
author reply: not as obvious, but for one thing yes literally em dash, their post has 10 em dashes in 748 words, this comment has 2 em dashes in 115 words. Not that em dash = ai, but in the context of a post about AI it seems more likely. And finally, https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode/blob/main/cont... the file the author linked in their own repo does not exist!
Nice work.
It strikes me there's more low hanging fruit to pluck re. context window management. Backtracking strikes me as another promising direction to avoid context bloat and compaction (i.e. when a model takes a few attempts to do the right thing, once it's done the right thing, prune the failed attempts out of the context).
Agree. I’d like more fine grained control of context and compaction. If you spend time debugging in the middle of a session, once you’ve fixed the bugs you ought to be able to remove everything related to fixing them out of context and continue as you had before you encountered them. (Right now depending on your IDE this can be quite annoying to do manually. And I’m not aware of any that allow you to snip it out if you’ve worked with the agent on other tasks afterwards.)
I think agents should manage their own context too. For example, if you’re working with a tool that dumps a lot of logged information into context, those logs should get pruned out after one or two more prompts.
Context should be thought of something that can be freely manipulated, rather than a stack that can only have things appended or removed from the end.
[delayed]
Yeah, the fact that we have treated context as immutable baffles me, it’s not like humans working memory keeps a perfect history of everything they’ve done over the last hour, it shouldn’t be that complicated to train a secondary model that just runs online compaction, eg: it runs a tool call, the model determines what’s Germaine to the conversion and prunes the rest, or some task gets completed, ok just leave a stub in the context that says completed x, with a tool available to see the details of x if it becomes relevant again.
[delayed]
That's pretty much the approach we took with context-mode. Tool outputs get processed in a sandbox, only a stub summary comes back into context, and the full details stay in a searchable FTS5 index the model can query on demand. Not trained into the model itself, but gets you most of the way there as a plugin today.
Oh that's quite a nice idea - agentic context management (riffing on agentic memory management).
There's some challenges around the LLM having enough output tokens to easily specify what it wants its next input tokens to be, but "snips" should be able to be expressed concisely (i.e. the next input should include everything sent previously except the chunk that starts XXX and ends YYY). The upside is tighter context, the downside is it'll bust the prompt cache (perhaps the optimal trade-off is to batch the snips).
Good point on prompt cache invalidation. Context-mode sidesteps this by never letting the bloat in to begin with, rather than snipping it out after. Tool output runs in a sandbox, a short summary enters context, and the raw data sits in a local search index. No cache busting because the big payload never hits the conversation history in the first place.
That's exactly what context-mode does for tool outputs. Instead of dumping raw logs and snapshots into context, it runs them in a sandbox and only returns a summary. The full data stays in a local FTS5 index so you can search it later when you need specifics.
Totally agree. Failed attempts are just noise once the right path is found. Auto-detecting retry patterns and pruning them down to the final working version feels very doable, especially for clear cases like lint or compilation fixes.
Maybe the right answer is “why not both”, but subagents can also be used for that problem. That is, when something isn’t going as expected, fork a subagent to solve the problem and return with the answer.
It’s interesting to imagine a single model deciding to wipe its own memory though, and roll back in time to a past version of itself (only, with the answer to a vexing problem)
I forget where now but I'm sure I read an article from one of the coding harness companies talking about how they'd done just that. Effectively it could pass a note to its past self saying "Path X doesn't work", and otherwise reset the context to any previous point.
I could see this working like some sort of undo tree, with multiple branches you can jump back and forth between.
It feels like the late 1990s all over again, but instead of html and sql, it’s coding agents. This time around, a lot of us are well experienced at software engineering and so we can find optimizations simply by using claude code all day long. We get an idea, we work with ai to help create a detailed design and then let it develop it for us.
The people who spent years doing the work manually are the ones who immediately see where the bottlenecks are.
Author here. I shared the GitHub repo a few days ago (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47148025) and got great feedback. This is the writeup explaining the architecture.
The core idea: every MCP tool call dumps raw data into your 200K context window. Context Mode spawns isolated subprocesses — only stdout enters context. No LLM calls, purely algorithmic: SQLite FTS5 with BM25 ranking and Porter stemming.
Since the last post we've seen 228 stars and some real-world usage data. The biggest surprise was how much subagent routing matters — auto-upgrading Bash subagents to general-purpose so they can use batch_execute instead of flooding context with raw output.
Source: https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode Happy to answer any architecture questions.
Really intrigued and def will try, thanks for this.
In connecting the dots (and help me make sure I'm connecting them correctly), context-mode _does not address MCP context usage at all_, correct? You are instead suggesting we refactor or eliminate MCP tools, or apply concepts similar to context_mode in our MCPs where possible?
Context-mode is still very high value, even if the answer is "no," just want to make sure I understand. Also interested in your thoughts about the above.
I write a number of MCPs that work across all Claude surfaces; so the usual "CLI!" isn't as viable an answer (though with code execution it sometimes can be) ...
Edit: typo
Right, context-mode doesn't change how MCP tool definitions get loaded into context. That's the "input side" problem that Cloudflare's Code Mode tackles by compressing tool schemas. Context-mode handles the "output side," the data that comes back from tool calls. That said, if you're writing your own MCPs, you could apply the same pattern directly. Instead of returning raw payloads, have your MCP server return a compact summary and store the full output somewhere queryable. Context-mode just generalizes that so you don't have to rebuild it per server.
Does your technique break the cache? edit: Thanks.
Nope. The raw data never enters the conversation history in the first place, so there's nothing to invalidate. Tool output runs in a sandbox, a short summary comes back, and the full data sits in a local FTS5 index. The conversation cache stays intact because the context itself doesn't change after the fact.
This article's specific brand of AI writing reminded me of Kevin's Small Talk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bctjSvn-OC8
This sounds a little bit like rkt? Which trims output from other CLI applications like git, find and the most common tools used by Claude. This looks like it goes a little further which is interesting.
I see some of these AI companies adopting some of these ideas sooner or later. Trim the tokens locally to save on token usage.
https://github.com/rtk-ai/rtk
I’m also trying to see which one makes more sense. Discussion about rtk started today: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47189599
Haven't looked at rtk closely but from the description it sounds like it works at the CLI output level, trimming stdout before it reaches the model. Context-mode goes a bit further since it also indexes the full output into a searchable FTS5 database, so the model can query specific parts later instead of just losing them. It's less about trimming and more about replacing a raw dump with a summary plus on-demand retrieval.
Yeah I like this approach too. I made a tool similar to Beads and after learning about RTK I updated mine to produce less token hungry output. I'm still working on it.
https://github.com/Giancarlos/guardrails
I did this accidentally while porting Go to IRIX: https://github.com/unxmaal/mogrix/blob/main/tools/knowledge-...
Nice approach. Same core idea as context-mode but specialized for your build domain. You're using SQLite as a structured knowledge cache over YAML rule files with keyword lookup. Context-mode does something similar but domain-agnostic, using FTS5 with BM25 ranking so any tool output becomes searchable without needing predefined schemas. Cool to see the pattern emerge independently from a completely different use case.
AFAIK Claude Code doesn't inject all the MCP output into the context. It limits 25k tokens and uses bash pipe operators to read the full output. That's at least what I see in the latest version.
That's true, Claude Code does truncate large outputs now. But 25k tokens is still a lot, especially when you're running multiple tools back to back. Three or four Playwright snapshots or a batch of GitHub issues and you've burned 100k tokens on raw data you only needed a few lines from. Context-mode typically brings that down to 1-2k per call while keeping the full output searchable if you need it later.
Do you need 80+ tools in context? Even if reduced, why not use sub agents for areas of focus? Context is gold and the more you put into it unrelated to the problem at hand the worse your outcome is. Even if you don't hit the limit of the window. Would be like compressing data to read into a string limit rather than just chunking the data
That's a fair point and honestly the ideal approach. But in practice most people don't hand-curate their MCP server list per task. They install 5-6 servers and suddenly have 80 tools loaded by default. Context-mode doesn't solve the tool definition bloat, that's the input side problem. It handles the output side, when those tools actually run and dump data back. Even with a focused set of tools, a single Playwright snapshot or git log can burn 50k tokens. That's what gets sandboxed.
Excited to try this. Is this not in effect a kind of "pre-compaction," deciding ahead of time what's relevant? Are there edge cases where it is unaware of, say, a utility function that it coincidentally picks up when it just dumps everything?
Yeah it's basically pre-compaction, you're right. The key difference is nothing gets thrown away. The full output sits in a searchable FTS5 index, so if the model realizes it needs some detail it missed in the summary, it can search for it. It's less "decide what's relevant upfront" and more "give me the summary now, let me come back for specifics later."
I've seen a few projects like this. Shouldn't they in theory make the llms "smarter" by not polluting the context? Have any benchmarks shown this effect?
That's the theory and it does hold up in practice. When context is 70% raw logs and snapshots, the model starts losing track of the actual task. We haven't run formal benchmarks on answer quality yet, mostly focused on measuring token savings. But anecdotally the biggest win is sessions lasting longer before compaction kicks in, which means the model keeps its full conversation history and makes fewer mistakes from lost context.
If this breaks the cache it is penny wise, pound foolish; cached full queries have more information and are cheap. The article does not mention caching; does anyone know?
I just enable fat MCP servers as needed, and try to use skills instead.
It doesn't break the cache. The raw data never enters the conversation history, so there's nothing to invalidate. A short summary goes into context instead of the full payload, and the model can search the full data from a local FTS5 index if it needs specifics later. Cache stays intact because you're just appending smaller messages to the conversation.
I am a happy user of this and have recommended my team also install it. It’s made a sizable reduction in my token use.
Thanks, really appreciate hearing that! Glad it's working well for your team.
this is going to crash the AI economy. nvda down 20 percent monday. lol
The 98% reduction is the real story here, but the systemic problem you're solving is even bigger than individual tool calls blowing up context. When you're orchestrating multi-step workflows, each tool output becomes part of the conversation state that carries forward to the next step. A Playwright snapshot at step 1 is 56 KB. It still counts at step 3 when you've moved on to something completely different.
The subprocess isolation is smart - stdout-only is the right constraint. I've been running multi-agent workflows where the cost of tool output accumulation forces you to make bad decisions: either summarise outputs manually (defeating the purpose of tool calls), truncate logs (information loss), or cap the workflow depth. None of them good.
The search ranking piece is worth noting. Most people just grep logs or dump chunks and let the LLM sort it out. BM25 + FTS5 means you're pre-filtering at index time, not letting the model do relevance ranking on the full noise. That's the difference between usable and unusable context at scale.
Only question: how does credential passthrough work with MCP's protocol boundaries? If gh/aws/gcloud run in the subprocess, how does the auth state persist between tool calls, or does each call reinit?
No magic — standard Unix process inheritance. Each execute() spawns a child process via Node's child_process.spawn() with a curated env built by #buildSafeEnv (https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode/blob/main/cont...). It passes through an explicit allowlist of auth vars (GH_TOKEN, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS, KUBECONFIG, etc.) plus HOME and XDG paths so CLI tools find their config files on disk. No state persists between calls — each subprocess inherits credentials from the MCP server's environment, runs, and exits. This works because tools like gh and aws resolve auth on every invocation anyway (env vars or ~/.config files). The tradeoff is intentional: allowlist over full process.env so the sandbox doesn't leak unrelated vars.
Two LLMs speaking with each other on HN? Amusing!
Why are you assuming they’re an LLM? And please don’t say “em dash”.
Note: you’re replying to the library’s author.
1st comment: 2 day old account, "is the real story here", summary -> comment -> question, general punchiness of style without saying that much. These llms feel like someone said "be an informal hacker news commenter" so they often end with "Curious how" instead of "I'm curious how" or "Worth building" instead of "It's worth building". Not that humans don't do any of this but all of it together in their comment history, you just get a general vibe.
author reply: not as obvious, but for one thing yes literally em dash, their post has 10 em dashes in 748 words, this comment has 2 em dashes in 115 words. Not that em dash = ai, but in the context of a post about AI it seems more likely. And finally, https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode/blob/main/cont... the file the author linked in their own repo does not exist!
(https://github.com/mksglu/claude-context-mode/blob/main/src/... exists but they messed up the link?)
The first two sentences of the first two paragraphs of OP are a dead giveaway.